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2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
Phenylpiracetam is a derivative of piracetam with stimulating and nootropic properties. It modulates AMPA receptors and influences acetylcholine release, which can lead to improved cognitive performance and increased physical endurance. The substance is used as a medication in some countries; however, long-term effects and safety have not been extensively researched.
Translation in progress
This section is currently being translated. Content will be available soon.
View German version →Receptor Targets
Mechanism of Action
Phenylpiracetam acts through the following pharmacological mechanisms:
Designations
IUPAC: 2-(2-keto-4-phenyl-pyrrolidino)acetamide
Legal Status
Legal status not verified by official sources. Please check current legislation independently.
Information without guarantee. Not legal advice.
Receptor Profile
Der NMDA-Rezeptor ist ein ionotroper Glutamatrezeptor, der eine zentrale Rolle bei synaptischer Plastizität, Lernen und Gedächtnisbildung spielt. Er benötigt sowohl Glutamat als auch Glycin als Co-Agonisten zur Aktivierung.
Der Noradrenalintransporter (NET) ist ein Monoamintransporter, der Noradrenalin aus dem synaptischen Spalt zurücktransportiert. Er wird von verschiedenen Stimulanzien und Antidepressiva beeinflusst.
Der Dopamintransporter (DAT) ist ein Natrium-abhängiger Monoamintransporter, der Dopamin aus dem synaptischen Spalt entfernt. Er ist ein zentrales Ziel von Stimulanzien und spielt eine Schlüsselrolle im Belohnungssystem.
Der AMPA-Rezeptor ist ein ionotroper Glutamatrezeptor, der die schnelle exzitatorische synaptische Übertragung im ZNS vermittelt. Er arbeitet eng mit NMDA-Rezeptoren bei der synaptischen Plastizität zusammen.
Substance Fingerprint
Pharmacological profile based on receptor binding, mechanism of action, and substance class. Limited data — interpret profile with caution.
Effects & Pharmacology — Translation in progress
This section is being translated. Content is available in German.
View in German →Total duration 6-8 hours
Peak
2-4 hours
Onset
30-60 minutes
Total duration
6-8 hours
After effects
2-4 hours
Start low. Individual sensitivity varies.
Dose sensitivity varies greatly between individuals. Body weight, tolerance, route of administration, and pre-existing conditions significantly affect outcomes.
Risks
Summary
Mögliche Nebenwirkungen sind Schlaflosigkeit, Nervosität und erhöhter Blutdruck.
Safer Use
The risks listed may be incomplete. Especially for research chemicals and rare substances, available data is limited.
Caffeine
Other stimulants
Interaction data is based on known mechanisms. Unknown or rare interactions are possible and may be life-threatening.
Based on substance class, receptors, mechanisms, and effect profile.