Laden…
Synapedia is an independent knowledge project about psychoactive substances and harm reduction. If the platform helps you learn something new, you can support its development.
Every bit helps keep the project alive.
Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid that acts as an antagonist at adenosine receptors, thereby promoting wakefulness. It is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world.
Translation in progress
This section is currently being translated. Content will be available soon.
View German version →Receptor Targets
Mechanism of Action
Koffein acts through the following pharmacological mechanisms:
Effects & Pharmacology — Translation in progress
This section is being translated. Content is available in German.
View in German →Risks & Harm Reduction — Translation in progress
This section is being translated. Content is available in German.
View in German →The risks listed may be incomplete. Especially for research chemicals and rare substances, available data is limited.
Additive sympathomimetische Stimulation
Amphetamin setzt Dopamin und Noradrenalin über Transporter-Umkehr (DAT/NET) frei. Koffein blockiert Adenosin-A1- und A2A-Rezeptoren, was die Wachheit steigert und die Dopaminfreisetzung im Striatum moduliert (A2A/D2-Heterodimer-Interaktion). Die Kombination erhöht Herzfrequenz und Blutdruck additiv. In klinisch üblichen Koffein-Dosen (<400 mg) ist das Risiko in der Regel beherrschbar, bei gleichzeitiger Amphetamin-Einnahme aber dosisabhängig relevant. Individuelle Faktoren (KHK, Arrhythmie-Prädisposition, CYP1A2-Genotyp) beeinflussen das Risiko.
Interaction data is based on known mechanisms. Unknown or rare interactions are possible and may be life-threatening.
Based on substance class, receptors, mechanisms, and effect profile.